How to Write a Summary of an Article? Each of our metaphors allowed others to identify with our thoughts by connecting words with our senses. The metaphors that my team members have written are descriptive and easy to understand. Personal Barriers None of our metaphors seemed to have any thinking errors in them such as, egocentric thinking, polarized thinking, or over-generalizations.
In other posts, I have provided a quick video introduction to the topic, and have discussed the ideas behind discourse theorythe main questions that students and researchers will likely ask as they set up their discourse analysis projectand the things that are worth keeping in mind when working with East Asian language sources.
In this post, I offer a handy set of tools for doing a text-based, qualitative discourse analysis. You can go through the whole list of work-steps and tick each item off in turn, which is a good way to practice these methods. However, if you are conducting a specific research project, I would recommend adapting this toolbox to your own needs and tailoring it to fit your concerns.
At the end of this post, you will also find a few comments on the limitations of this toolbox plus a list of literature that you can turn to if you want to learn more. But how do you make sure that you have covered all your bases and that you will later be able to make a good case for yourself and your work?
Here are ten work steps that will help you conduct a systematic and professional discourse analysis.
You should ask yourself what the social and historical context is in which each of your sources was produced. Write down what language your source is written in, what country and place it is from, who wrote it and whenand who published it and when.
Also try to have a record of when and how you got your hands on your sources, and to explain where others might find copies. Finally, find out whether your sources are responses to any major event, whether they tie into broader debates, and how they were received at the time of publication.
Try to find additional information on the producer of your source material, as well as their institutional and personal background. Who are the author and the editorial staff, what is the general political position of the paper, and what is its affiliation with other organizations?
Are any of the people who are involved in the production process known for their journalistic style or their political views?
Is there any information on the production expenditures and general finances of the paper? Do you know who the general target audience of the paper is? In other cases, you will find such information in the secondary academic literature.
Once you have established the institutional background, take notes on the medium and the genre you are working with.
Purdue OWL // Purdue Writing Lab | In general, the forces of competition are imposing a need for more effective decision making at all levels in organizations. Progressive Approach to Modeling: |
Cognitive Task Analysis | Usability Body of Knowledge | It has only been since the s that this area has attracted more interest among EFL teachers. |
Creativity in Strategic Planning | Notes Acknowledgments The ideas for this book come from the theoretical and practical work I have been doing for the last ten years. |
Creative Thinking Techniques | The cognitive task analysis methods analyze and represent the cognitive activities users utilize to perform certain tasks. Some of the steps of a cognitive task analysis are: |
Make sure to identify the different media types in which your source appeared, and to also be clear about the version that you yourself are analysing. For instance, the layout of a newspaper article and its position on the page will be different in a print edition than in an online edition.
The latter will also offer comments, links, multi-media content, etc. All of these factors frame the meaning of the actual text and should be considered in an analysis.
This may also mean that you should think about the technical quality and readability of your source, for instance by looking at paper quality or resolution for online sourcestype set, etc.
Finally, ask yourself what genre your source belongs to. Establishing this background information will later help you assess what genre-specific mechanism your source deploys or ignores to get its message across. Then add references that others can use to follow your work later: Think of how many of us tag online information like pictures, links, or articles.You'll remember the five creative methods we discussed in the Introduction to Creative Thinking: evolution, synthesis, revolution, reapplication, changing initiativeblog.com classic creative thinking techniques make use of one or more of these methods.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to thought (thinking). Thought (also called thinking) – the mental process in which beings form psychological associations and models of the world.
Thinking is manipulating information, as when we form concepts, engage in problem solving, reason and make initiativeblog.comt, the act of thinking, produces thoughts.
By investigating the Common Core debate through the lenses of both social network analysis and linguistic analysis, our project is based on almost 1 million tweets sent over two and a half years by about , distinct actors.
Literature has been a subject of study in many countries at a secondary or tertiary level, but until recently has not been given much emphasis in the EFL/ESL classroom.
An example of ineffective strategy is a dry, one-inch-thick report that people only refer to when they need some market numbers, or a PowerPoint slide deck full of esoteric whiz-bang charts put together by a team of consultants.
Design. We are surrounded by things that have been designed—from the utensils we eat with, to the vehicles that transport us, to the machines we interact with.